Introduction
Microplastics, tiny fragments of plastic less than 5mm in length, have become a significant environmental concern globally and particularly in the United States (US). These microscopic particles enter our oceans through various sources, including cosmetic products, synthetic clothing fibers, and degradation of larger plastic waste. The issue is increasingly critical due to three primary reasons: the prevalence of microplastics in marine ecosystems, their persistent nature, and associated health implications for marine life and humans (Rochman, 2018).
– The ubiquitous presence of microplastics across all marine environments has raised alarms about their potential impact on marine ecosystems.
– The persistent nature of these particles, which resist biodegradation, poses a long-term threat to marine life.
Prevalence of Microplastics in the Ocean
Microplastics are prevalent in marine environments internationally, with the US contributing significantly to the global total. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a massive accumulation of oceanic plastic debris between California and Hawaii, contains about 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic, a significant portion of which are microplastics (Lebreton et al., 2018).
Persistence of Microplastics
The resilience of microplastics, which resist natural biodegradation processes, ensures that they persist in the environment for extended periods. This resistance to decomposition prolongs their potential for harm, as they continue to accumulate within marine ecosystems, with detrimental effects on marine flora and fauna (GESAMP, 2016).
Health Implications of Microplastics
Microplastics pose potential health risks to marine life and humans. Many marine organisms inadvertently consume these particles, mistaking them for food. This ingestion can lead to physical harm and exposure to hazardous chemicals. Moreover, as microplastics enter the food chain, they can potentially transfer harmful substances to humans (Rochman et al., 2013).
Efforts to Mitigate the Impact of Microplastics
Several efforts are underway to mitigate the impact of microplastics. The US government has passed legislation such as the Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015, which bans the manufacture and sale of certain products containing microbeads. Other initiatives include improving waste management practices, encouraging use of alternative materials, and promoting research to better understand and address the issue (NOAA, 2019).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the issue of microplastics in ocean pollution is a significant environmental concern in the US. With their widespread presence, persistence, and potential health implications, microplastics pose a considerable challenge. However, through legislation, improved waste management, and research, there are promising strategies to mitigate their impact.
References
Rochman, C. M. (2018). Microplastics research—from sink to source. Science, 360(6384), 28-29. link
Lebreton, L., & Andrady, A. (2018). Future scenarios of global plastic waste generation and disposal. Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 6. link
GESAMP (2016). Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: part two of a global assessment. IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection. Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 93, 220 p. link
Rochman, C. M., et al. (2013). Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress. Scientific Reports, 3, 3263. link
NOAA (2019). Microplastics: What are they and what can we do about them?. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. link